Docker 构建 MySQL 高可用环境

1. Docker 构建主从环境

在生产环境中构建 MySQL 主从架构是一种常见的高可用解决方案。本文将使用 Docker 的方式快速构建 MySQL 主从环境。

1.1 环境配置准备

安装 Docker（版本 2.0 或 3.0）。

下载 MySQL 5.7 镜像：docker pull mysql:5.7。

配置 Docker Compose：创建 docker-compose.yml 文件。

配置相关 MySQL 文件目录结构：

mysql/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── master/
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   └── my.cnf
├── slave/
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   └── my.cnf

1.2 MySQL 主从配置文件

Master Configuration (master/my.cnf)

[mysqld]
server_id = 101
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_ignore_db = mysql
binlog_cache_size = 1M
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_format = mixed
log_slave_updates = 1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

Slave Configuration (slave/my.cnf)

[mysqld]
server_id = 102
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay_log = replicas-mysql-relay-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
binlog_format = mixed
read_only = 1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

Dockerfile (master/Dockerfile)

FROM mysql:5.7
MAINTAINER zhuangxiaoyan
ADD ./master/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Dockerfile (slave/Dockerfile)

FROM mysql:5.7
MAINTAINER zhuangxiaoyan
ADD ./slave/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Docker Compose Configuration (docker-compose.yml)

version: '3'
services:
  mysql-master:
    build: .
    dockerfile: master/Dockerfile
    container_name: mysql-master
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql-master-vol:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: rule_platform
      MYSQL_USER: ruler
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: root
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - mysql-ms-network
  mysql-slave:
    build: .
    dockerfile: slave/Dockerfile
    container_name: mysql-slave
    ports:
      - "3307:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql-slave-vol:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: rule_platform
      MYSQL_USER: ruler
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: root
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - mysql-ms-network
networks:
  mysql-ms-network:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: "172.25.0.0/24"

1.3 构建镜像并启动容器

# 在 docker-compose.yml 所在目录下执行
docker-compose up -d
# 查看构建状态
docker-compose ps

1.4 进入容器设置主从配置

# 配置主节点
docker-compose exec mysql-master bash
mysql -uroot -p -e "grant replication slave on *.* to 'root'@'172.25.0.102' identified by 'root'; flush privileges;"
mysql -uroot -p -e "show master status;"

# 配置从节点
docker-compose exec mysql-slave bash
mysql -uroot -p -e "reset slave;"
mysql -uroot -p -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.0.101', MASTER_USER='root', MASTER_PASSWORD='root', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=600; start slave;"
mysql -uroot -p -e "show slave status;"

2. Docker 构建一主多从环境

2.1 环境配置准备

配置与主从环境类似，同样需要 Docker、Docker Compose 和相关 MySQL 配置文件。

2.2 MySQL 一主多从配置文件

Master Configuration (master/my.cnf)

[mysqld]
server_id = 1
gtid-mode = ON
enforce-gtid-consistency = 1
binlog_ignore_db = mysql
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 1M
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 7
slave_skip_errors = 1062
log_slave_updates = ON
read_only = 1

Slave Configuration (slave/my.cnf)

[mysqld]
server_id = 2
gtid-mode = ON
enforce-gtid-consistency = 1
binlog_ignore_db = mysql
log-bin = mysql-slave1-bin
binlog_cache_size = 1M
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 7
slave_skip_errors = 1062
relay_log = mysql-relay-bin
log_slave_updates = ON
read_only = 1

Docker Compose Configuration (docker-compose.yml)

version: '3'
services:
  mysql-master:
    build: .
    dockerfile: master/Dockerfile
    container_name: mysql-master
    ports:
      - "33060:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/master/etc:/etc/mysql
      - ./mysql/master/var/lib:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/master/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf
    environment:
      TZ=Asia/Shanghai
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
    command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    restart: always
  mysql-slave-1:
    build: .
    dockerfile: slave/Dockerfile
    container_name: mysql-slave-1
    ports:
      - "33070:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/slave1/etc:/etc/mysql
      - ./mysql/slave1/var/lib:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/slave1/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf
    environment:
      TZ=Asia/Shanghai
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
    command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    restart: always
  mysql-slave-2:
    build: .
    dockerfile: slave/Dockerfile
    container_name: mysql-slave-2
    ports:
      - "33080:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/slave2/etc:/etc/mysql
      - ./mysql/slave2/var/lib:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/slave2/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf
    environment:
      TZ=Asia/Shanghai
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
    command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    restart: always
networks:
  srm-mysql:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: "173.200.6.0/24"

2.3 配置复制账号和从节点

# 配置主节点
docker exec -it mysql-master bash
mysql -uroot -p -e "create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'repl'; grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';"

# 配置从节点
docker exec -it mysql-slave-1 bash
mysql -uroot -p -e "reset master;"
mysql -uroot -p -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='mysql-master', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='repl', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1; start slave;"

3. Docker 构建高可用环境

3.1 环境配置

version: "2"
services:
  mha_share:
    image: debian:jessie
    volumes:
      - "./employees_share/:/mha_share/"
  mha_node:
    build: ./mha_node
    image: prontera/mha_node
    read_only: true
  mha_manager:
    build: ./mha_manager
    image: prontera/mha_manager
    read_only: true
  master:
    image: prontera/mha_node
    depends_on:
      - mha_node
    ports:
      - "3406:3306"
    volumes:
      - "./employees_db/:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/:ro"
      - "./employees_master/lib/:/var/lib/mysql/"
      - "./employees_master/log/:/var/log/mysql/"
      - "./employees_master/conf.d/:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/"
    volumes_from:
      - mha_share
    env_file:
      - ./account.env
    environment:
      MYSQL_USER=prontera
      MYSQL_PASSWORD=123123
  slave_1:
    image: prontera/mha_node
    depends_on:
      - master
    ports:
      - "3407:3306"
    volumes:
      - "./employees_slave_1/lib/:/var/lib/mysql/"
      - "./employees_slave_1/log/:/var/log/mysql/"
      - "./employees_slave_1/conf.d/:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/"
    volumes_from:
      - mha_share
    env_file:
      - ./account.env
  manager:
    image: prontera/mha_manager
    depends_on:
      - mha_manager
      - slave_1
    volumes_from:
      - mha_share
    entrypoint: tailf /dev/null
    env_file:
      - ./account.env